579 research outputs found
Uniqueness of static spherically symmetric vacuum solutions in the IR limit of Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity
We investigate static spherically symmetric vacuum solutions in the IR limit
of projectable nonrelativistic quantum gravity, including the renormalisable
quantum gravity recently proposed by Ho\v{r}ava. It is found that the
projectability condition plays an important role. Without the cosmological
constant, the spacetime is uniquely given by the Schwarzschild solution. With
the cosmological constant, the spacetime is uniquely given by the Kottler
(Schwarzschild-(anti) de Sitter) solution for the entirely vacuum spacetime.
However, in addition to the Kottler solution, the static spherical and
hyperbolic universes are uniquely admissible for the locally empty region, for
the positive and negative cosmological constants, respectively, if its
nonvanishing contribution to the global Hamiltonian constraint can be
compensated by that from the nonempty or nonstatic region. This implies that
static spherically symmetric entirely vacuum solutions would not admit the
freedom to reproduce the observed flat rotation curves of galaxies. On the
other hand, the result for locally empty regions implies that the IR limit of
nonrelativistic quantum gravity theories does not simply recover general
relativity but includes it.Comment: 10 pages, accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern
Physics
Desingularization of matrix equations employing hypersingular integrals in boundary element methods using double nodes
In boundary element methods, the method of using double nodes at corners is a
useful approach to uniquely define the normal direction of boundary elements.
However, matrix equations constructed by conventional boundary integral
equations (CBIE) become singular under certain combinations of double node
boundary conditions. In this paper, we analyze the singular conditions of the
CBIE formulation for cases where the boundary conditions at the double node are
imposed by combinations of Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin, and interface conditions.
To address this singularity we propose the use of hypersingular integral
equations (HBIE) for wave propagation problems that obey Helmholtz equation. To
demonstrate the applicability of HBIE, we compare three types of simultaneous
equations: (i) CBIE, (ii) partial-HBIE in which HBIE is only applied to the
double nodes at corners while CBIE is applied to the other nodes, and (iii)
full-HBIE in which HBIE is applied to all nodes. Based on our numerical
results, we observe the following results. The singularity of the matrix
equations for problems with any combination of boundary conditions can be
resolved by both full-HBIE and partial-HBIE, and partial-HBIE exhibits better
accuracy than full-HBIE. Furthermore, the computational cost of partial-HBIE is
smaller than that of full-HBIE.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted manuscript submitted to Engineering
Analysis with Boundary Elemen
Molecular Imaging in Endoscopy
During the last decade, researchers have made great progress in the development of new image processing technologies for gastrointestinal endoscopy. However, diagnosis using conventional endoscopy with white light optical imaging is essentially limited, and ultimately, we still rely on the histopathological diagnosis from biopsy specimens. Molecular imaging represents the most novel imaging methods in medicine, and the future of endoscopic diagnosis is likely to be impacted by a combination of biomarkers and technology. Endoscopic molecular imaging can be defined as the visualization of molecular characteristics with endoscopy. These innovations will allow us not only to locate a tumor or dysplastic lesion but also to visualize its molecular characteristics and the activity of specific molecules and biological processes that affect tumor behavior and/or its response to therapy. In the near future, these promising technologies will play a central role in endoluminal oncology
Wavefront restoration from lateral shearing data using spectral interpolation
Although a lateral-shear interferometer is robust against optical component
vibrations, its interferogram provides information about differential
wavefronts rather than the wavefronts themselves, resulting in the loss of
specific frequency components. Previous studies have addressed this limitation
by measuring four interferograms with different shear amounts to accurately
restore the two-dimensional wavefront. This study proposes a technique that
employs spectral interpolation to reduce the number of required interferograms.
The proposed approach introduces an origin-shift technique for accurate
spectral interpolation, which in turn is implemented by combining two methods:
natural extension and least-squares determination of ambiguities in uniform
biases. Numerical simulations confirmed that the proposed method accurately
restored a two-dimensional wavefront from just two interferograms, thereby
indicating its potential to address the limitations of the lateral-shear
interferometer.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Endoscopy in Nonvariceal UGI Bleeding
Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently developed endoscopic devices and supporting apparatuses can achieve endoscopic hemostasis with greater safety and efficiency. With these advancements in technology and technique, gastroenterologists should have no concerns regarding the management of acute upper GI bleeding, provided that they are well prepared and trained. However, when endoscopic hemostasis fails, endoscopy should not be continued. Rather, endoscopists should refer patients to radiologists and surgeons without any delay for evaluation regarding the appropriateness of emergency interventional radiology or surgery
Development of an optimal laser for chirp cooling of positronium based on chirped pulse-train generator
We report the development and characterization of a pulsed 243 nm laser that
is optimal for the cooling of positronium (Ps). The laser, which is based on
the recent chirped pulse-train generator (CPTG) demonstrated by K. Yamada et
al. (Phys. Rev. Appl. 16, 014009 (2021)), was designed to output a train of
pulses with linewidths of 10 GHz, and with the center frequency of each pulse
shifting upward (up-chirped) in time by . These parameters were determined by the mechanism of chirp cooling,
which is the best scheme for cooling many Ps atoms to the recoil temperature of
laser cooling. To achieve the designed performance, we drove an optical phase
modulator in the CPTG with a deep modulation depth based on the operating
principle of the cooling laser. Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements
confirmed that the developed laser satisfied the chirp rate and linewidth
requirements for efficient chirp cooling. Combined with pulse energy of
hundreds of microjoules, we believe that the experimental demonstration of Ps
laser cooling has become possible using realistic methods for the generation
and velocity measurement of Ps.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
DIP during perioperative chemotherapy
Purpose : Drug-induced interstitial pneumonia (DIP) that occurs during chemotherapy for breast cancer is a rare but a serious adverse event. Treatments of DIP requires interruption of breast cancer treatment, which may affect the patient’s prognosis. However, there are few reports which discuss DIP during breast cancer treatments. Purpose of this report is to make clear how DIP occurred and influenced breast cancer treatment in our hospital. Patients and Methods : A total of 74 patients who started perioperative chemotherapy in Tokushima Municipal Hospital for breast cancer from January 2019 to December 2020 were evaluated for DIP. Patients’ and tumors’ characteristics, and regimens which caused DIP were investigated. The clinical courses of the DIP patients were also followed up. Results : Twelve of the 74 patients developed DIP. All 12 patients had histories of cyclophosphamide administration ; however, the causative drug could not be determined. Ten of the 12 patients were treated with steroids, and all the patients recovered ultimately from the interstitial pneumonia. While chemotherapy was administered in six patients after mild DIP, no relapse of pneumonia was observed. Conclusion : DIP during perioperative chemotherapy for breast cancer was resolved with appropriate treatment. Patients were able to resume breast cancer treatment with minimal interruption
Can computed tomography differentiate adenocarcinoma in situ from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma?
Background: Given the subtle pathological signs of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), effective differentiation between the two entities is crucial. However, it is difficult to predict these conditions using preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging. In this study, we investigated whether histological diagnosis of AIS and MIA using quantitative three-dimensional CT imaging analysis could be predicted.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the images and histopathological findings of patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed with AIS or MIA between January 2017 and June 2018. We used Synapse Vincent (v. 4.3) (Fujifilm) software to analyze the CT attenuation values and performed a histogram analysis.
Results: There were 22 patients with AIS and 22 with MIA. The ground-glass nodule (GGN) rate was significantly higher in patients with AIS (p < 0.001), whereas the solid volume (p < 0.001) and solid rate (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in those with MIA. The mean (p = 0.002) and maximum (p = 0.025) CT values were significantly higher in patients with MIA. The 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97.5th percentiles (all p < 0.05) for the CT values were significantly higher in patients with MIA.
Conclusions: We demonstrated that quantitative analysis of 3D-CT imaging data using software can help distinguish AIS from MIA. These analyses are useful for guiding decision-making in the surgical management of early lung cancer, as well as subsequent follow-up
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